Prevalencia de Anomalías Dentomaxilares y Necesidad de Tratamiento Ortodóncico en Escolares del Pueblo Originario Rapa Nui / Prevalence of Dentomaxillary Anomalies and Need for Orthodontic Treatment in School Children of the Rapa Nui Native People

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de anomalías dentomaxilares y la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico en escolares pertenecientes al pueblo originario de Rapa Nui. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal y no probabilístico. Se evaluaron 85 alumnos entre primero básico y primero medio, entre los 6 y 16 años de edad, de dos colegios de Rapa Nui. Se realizó un examen clínico estandarizado, realizado por dos investigadores previamente calibrados, donde se completó una ficha clínica diseñada para el estudio. Para el análisis de las anomalías dentomaxilares se realizó un escaneo digital de la cavidad oral completa para su posterior análisis. De 85 estudiantes evaluados, 75 (88,2 %) se encontraban afectados por algún tipo de anomalía dentomaxilar en el plano sagital, vertical y/o transversal, independiente de su gravedad. Un 87,1 % de los estudiantes necesitan tratamiento ortodóncico según el Índice de Necesidad de Tratamiento Ortodóncico, de los cuales un 57,7, % se clasificó dentro de los rangos de moderado, grave y muy grave. Existe una alta prevalencia de anomalías dentomaxilares en los escolares pertenecientes al pueblo originario Rapa Nui, encontrándose por sobre las cifras nacionales como internacionales, lo cual da como resultado que la mayoría de los alumnos evaluados necesiten de algún tipo tratamiento ortodóncico, ya sea preventivo, interceptivo y/o correctivo.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dentomaxillary anomalies and the need for orthodontic treatment in schoolchildren belonging to the Rapa Nui native people. A descriptive, observational, cross- sectional and non-probabilistic study was carried out. Eighty- five students between first grade and first middle school, between 6 and 16 years of age, from two schools of Rapa Nui were evaluated. A standardized clinical examination was performed by two previously calibrated investigators, where a clinical record designed for the study was completed. For the analysis of dentomaxillary anomalies, a digital scan of the full mouth was performed for subsequent analysis. Of 85 students evaluated, 75 (88.2 %) were affected by some type of dentomaxillary anomaly in the sagittal, vertical and/or transversal plane, regardless of its severity. Some 87.1 % of the students needed orthodontic treatment according to the Orthodontic Treatment Need Index, of which 57.7 % were classified within the moderate, severe and very severe ranges. There is a high prevalence of dentomaxillary anomalies in schoolchildren belonging to the Rapa Nui native people, which is above the national and international figures, resulting in the majority of the students evaluated needing some type of orthodontic treatment, whether preventive, interceptive and/or corrective.

Radix em molares decíduos inferiores: revisão sistemática com metanálise / Radix in lower primary molars: systematic review with meta-analysis

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of three roots in deciduous mandibular molars. Methodology: Electronic searches were carried out in PubMed and Scopus to identify cross-sectional studies published up to September 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was used to critically appraise the studies. STATA 16.0 was used to generate risk of bias figures and perform the meta-analysis. Results: Eighteen studies evaluating 9,067 patients (8,969 first molars and 10,765 second molars) were included in this review. The overall prevalence of radix in mandibular deciduous molars was 9.61% (3.67% for first molars and 18.72% for second molars). The prevalence rate of teeth diagnosed using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) was similar to the diagnoses made using conventional radiographic techniques together (periapical, interproximal and panoramic). Final considerations: Lower deciduous molars with three roots have a prevalence of almost 10%, with a higher prevalence in second molars. The diagnosis of this morphological alteration can be made using conventional radiographic techniques, but the use of CBCT is recommended.(AU)

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de três raízes em molares inferiores decíduos. Metodologia: foram realizadas buscas eletrônicas na PubMed e Scopus para identificar estudos transversais publicados até setembro/2023. Para a avaliação crítica dos estudos foi utilizada a ferramenta do Instituto Joanna Briggs. STATA 16.0 foi usado para gerar figura do risco de viés e realizar a metanálise. Resultados: dezoito estudos que avaliaram 9.067 pacientes (8.969 primeiros molares e 10.765 segundos molares) foram incluídos nesta revisão. A prevalência global de radix em molares decíduos inferiores foi de 9,61% (3,67% para primeiros molares e 18,72% para segundo molares). A taxa de prevalência de dentes com diagnóstico através de Tomografia Computadorizada Cone Beam (TCCB) foi semelhante aos diagnósticos realizados pelas técnicas radiográficas convencionais em conjunto (periapical, interproximal e panorâmica). Considerações finais: os molares decíduos inferiores com três raízes têm uma prevalência de quase 10%, com maior prevalência em segundo molares. O diagnóstico desta alteração morfológica pode ser feito através das técnicas radiográficas convencionais, porém recomenda-se a utilização de TCCB.(AU)

Prevalence and influence of dental development anomalies in smile esthetics: a cross-sectional analysis

Aim: To determine the prevalence of dental development anomalies and type of influence on the smile of adolescent students. Method: This was a cross-sectional and analytical study carried out in two public (A1) and two private (A2) schools chosen by lot in the city of Parnaíba-Piauí. The sample calculation was based on the target population: number of people enrolled in public and private schools between 15 and 19 years, in the city of Parnaíba-PI, which totaled 6209 students in 2020, according to a survey carried out by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ­ IBGE. A questionnaire on epidemiological data and aesthetic self-perception of the smile was applied to 160 adolescents between 15 and 19 years old, from August 2020 to July 2021. The clinical examination was carried out under natural light, to check for the presence of anomaly(s) in the dental development. Students who presented only one pathology would be called group 1 (G1), those who presented two would be called group 2 (G2) and those who presented 3 or more would be called group 3 (G3). On the other hand, adolescents in whom no anomaly was evidenced would participate in the control group (CG), both in A1 and A2. Results: It was observed that 37.5% of the sample had only a type of dental anomaly, corresponding to 60 individuals. The most prevalent were enamel hypoplasia, fusion, transposition, agenesis, ectopic eruption, microdent and dens-in-dent. It was possible to verify a higher prevalence in the maxilla, private schools (76.6%) and females (86.6%). In 45% of adolescents with dental anomalies, embarrassment was observed when smiling. Conclusion: The prevalence was relatively high, highlighting the enamel hypoplasia, influencing the smile esthetics of a reasonable number of adolescents, whether for acquaintances, strangers or even for photographs

Prevalence of permanent numeric dental anomalies in panoramic radiography in an Iranian population

Aim: Dental number anomalies are a group of congenital developmental disorders divided into two groups supernumerary and missing teeth. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of numeric dental anomalies using panoramic images in patients referred to the Hamadan Dental Faculty. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2,197 panoramic radiographs of patients aged 6-49 years were evaluated. These anomalies are divided into two groups: 1) Supernumerary teeth, including Mesiodens, Distodens, and Peridens, and 2) Missing teeth, including Hypodontia, Oligodontia, and Anodontia. A Chi-square test was performed to assess the relationship between the anomalies. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16, in which P-value < 0.05 was considered the statistical significance level. Results: Of 736 males (32.2%) and 1548 females (67.8%) in this study, 32 (4.3%) and 55 cases (3.8%) had supernumerary teeth, respectively. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth was 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.6% in males and 0.2%, 1% and 1.2% in females for mesiodens, distodens, and peridens, respectively. Also, 243 males (10.6%) and 655 females (28.6%) had missing teeth anomalies. Hypodontia in the maxilla was the most common anomaly in both genders, while mesiodens was the least common. Conclusion: Hypodontia was the most common anomaly, followed by peridens; the least common anomaly was mesiodens. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth was greater in males, though the difference was not statistically significant. In comparison, females had a greater prevalence of missing teeth

Hallazgos en radiografías panorámicas de niños entre 6 y 15 años en un hospital odontológico en Argentina / Findings in panoramic radiographs of children between 6 and 15 years at a dental hospital in Argentina

Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia y localización de pato- logías y anomalías dentarias (anomalías de número, tumores, quistes y piezas retenidas) observadas en radiografías pa- norámicas de pacientes pediátricos de entre 6 y 15 años del Hospital Zonal Especializado en Odontología Infantil "Dr. A. Bollini" de la ciudad de La Plata. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observa- cional descriptivo de 300 radiografías panorámicas, de niños (n=150) y niñas (n=150) de entre 6 y 15 años, seleccionadas aleatoriamente en el área de radiología del hospital, tomadas en el período comprendido entre marzo de 2018 y marzo de 2020. Los datos obtenidos se volcaron en planillas de cálculo y con ellos se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo. Se utilizaron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, tipo de ano- malía o patología (anomalías de número, tumores, quistes y piezas retenidas), pieza dentaria y ubicación (maxilar o man- díbula). Resultados: Dentro de las anomalías registradas (n=147), se encontraron en mayor medida piezas dentarias retenidas, en un 44,22% de los casos (n=65), agenesias en un 42,18% de los casos (n=62) y supernumerarios en un 13,61% de los casos (n=20). No se hallaron quistes ni tumores. Conclusión: En un 24% de las radiografías panorámicas de niños entre 6 y 15 años se halló alguna anomalía dentaria. Las anomalías más frecuentes fueron piezas dentarias reteni- das y agenesias (AU)

Aim: To describe the frequency and location of dental pathologies and anomalies (number anomalies, tumors, cysts and retained dental pieces) observed in panoramic radio- graphs of pediatric patients between 6 and 15 years of age from the Hospital Especializado en Odontología Infantil "Dr. A. Bollini" from the city of La Plata. Materials and methods: A descriptive observational study was performed based on 300 panoramic radiographs of children (150 girls and 150 boys) between 6 and 15 years old, randomly selected in the Radiology area of the hospital, taken in the period between March 2018 and March 2020. The data obtained were entered into spreadsheets and a descriptive sta- tistical analysis was carried out. The following variables were evaluated: age, sex, type of anomaly or pathology (anomalies of number, tumor, cysts and retained dental pieces), dental piece and location (maxilla or mandible). Results: Among the registered anomalies (n=147), re- tained dental pieces were found to a greater extent, in 44.22% of the cases (n=65), agenesis in 42.18% of the cases (n=62) and supernumeraries in 13.61% of the cases (n=20). No cysts or tumors were found. Conclusion: In 24% of panoramic radiographs of chil- dren between 6 and 15 years old, some dental anomaly was found. The most frequent anomalies were retained dental pieces and agenesis (AU)

Dental anomalies in the deciduous dentition of non-syndromic oral clefts patients / Anomalias dentárias na dentição decídua de pacientes com fissuras orais não sindrômicas

Abstract Objectives: to investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies in complete deciduous dentition of children with NSCL/P. Methods: this study included 75 children with NSCL/P and 286 healthy control. In both groups the children had deciduous dentition with ages varying from 4 to 6 years. Clinical examination, panoramic and periapical radiographies were performed and dental anomalies of number and shape were considered. Results: there was a higher prevalence of dental anomalies in the case group, compared to the control group. In all, 42 dental anomalies were identified, 25.33% in the case group and 8.04% in control group (p<0.001). Therewas a higher frequency of dental anomalies in NSCL/P (47.36%), followed by non-syndromic cleft lip (31.57%) and non-syndromic cleft palate (21.05%). The occurrence of agenesis (p= 0.005) and twinning (p = 0.029) were higher in the case group. Conclusions: the occurrence of agenesis and dental twinning was more frequent in the case group and may contribute to the definition of oral cleft subphenotype.

Resumo Objetivos: investigar a prevalência de anomalias dentárias na dentição decídua completa de crianças com FL/PNS. Métodos: este estudo incluiu 75 crianças com FL/PNS e 286 controles saudáveis. Em ambos os grupos as crianças tinham dentição decídua com idade variando de 4 a 6 anos. Exame clínico, radiografias panorâmicas e periapicais foram realizadas e anomalias dentárias de número e forma foram consideradas. Resultados: houve maior prevalência de anomalias dentárias no grupo caso, comparado ao grupo controle. Ao todo 42 anomalias dentárias foram identificadas, 25,33% no grupo caso e 8,04% no grupo controle (p<0,001). Houve maior frequência de anomalias dentárias na FL/PNS (47,36%), seguida da fissura labial não sindrômica (31,57%) e da fissura palatina não sindrômica (21,05%). A ocorrência de agenesia (p= 0,005) e geminação (p=0,029) foram maiores no grupo caso. Conclusão: a ocorrência de agenesia e geminação dentária foram mais frequentes no grupo caso e pode contribuir para a definição de subfenótipos de fissuras orais.

Frequency and Characteristics of Mesiodens in Indian School Children: A Retrospective Radiographic Study

Abstract Objective: To determine the frequency and characteristics of mesiodens in Indian school children. Material and Methods: 1232 radiographs of patients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology of the age group of 4-15 years studied for the present retrospective study. The intraoral periapical radiographs and occlusal radiographs of the premaxilla were examined to determine the presence of mesiodens. The data regarding the presence of mesiodens, number, position, location on the arch, shape and associated complications were recorded. Results: Eleven patients had 14 mesiodens, with a frequency of 0.8%. The ratio of boys to girls was 1.2:1. Maximum mesiodens observed in the age group of 7-9 years. Most of the mesiodens were conical in shape and found on the palatal side. Fifty percent of the mesiodens were unerupted. The majority of patients (57.1%) had vertically positioned mesiodens. Midline diastema was the most common complication due to mesiodens (66.7%). Conclusion: Routine check-up during the primary dentition and mixed dentition stages helps for early detection of mesiodens and thus preventing complications. Early identification is useful for planning comprehensive management, initiating proper consultation and referral for evaluation and treatment.

Frecuencia de anomalías dentales de número en niños costarricenses atendidos en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica / Frequency of Teeth Number Anomalies in Costa Rican Children at the Faculty of Dentistry University of Costa Rica

Resumen 16. Las anomalías dentales pueden producir alteraciones de forma, número, tamaño y estructura dental, afectando la función y la estética. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la frecuencia y localización de anomalías dentales de número en niños sanos costarricenses entre los 6 y 12 años. Se realizó un estudio observacional y retrospectivo con 157 radiografías panorámicas de los expedientes de los pacientes de la Clínica de Odontopediatría y Ortodoncia de la Universidad de Costa Rica entre los años 2015-2017; las anomalías que se observaron fueron hiperdoncias e hipodoncias. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando la prueba de Fisher con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Se encontró un 8.3% de anomalías de número, 4.5% fueron hiperdoncias y 3.8% hipodoncias, ambas anomalías se presentaron tanto de forma única como doble o múltiple. No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa según el género. Las hiperdoncias fueron más comunes en maxila y las hipodoncias en mandíbula. Los dientes supernumerarios más frecuentes fueron los mesiodens y las ausencias más recurrentes fueron los segundos premolares inferiores.

Abstract 20. Dental anomalies can produce alterations in dental shape, number, size, and structure, affecting function and aesthetics. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency and location of teeth number anomalies in healthy Costa Rican children between 6 and 12 years old. An observational and retrospective study was carried out with 157 panoramic radiographs of the patients of the pediatric dentistry and orthodontics clinic of the University of Costa Rica between the years 2015-2017. Hyperdontias and hypodontias were the anomalies observed. Data were analyzed using a Fisher exact test with a significance level of 5% . The results showed that the overall frequency of dental anomalies was 8.3%, 4.5% were hyperdontias and 3.8% hypodontias. Double or multiple hyperdontia and hypodontia were also found. The difference between sex was not significant (p= 0.145). Supernumeraries were more frequent in maxilla and hypodontias in mandible. Mesiodens was the most frequently found supernumerary teeth. Mandibular second premolars were the most commonly missing teeth.

Prevalencia de Anomalías Dentomaxilares y Necesidad de Tratamiento en Adolescentes / Prevalence of Dentomaxillary Anomalies and Treatment Needs in Adolescents

RESUMEN: Las anomalías dentomaxilares (ADM) constituyen un problema de salud pública en Chile, lo que genera la necesidad de un diagnóstico sistemático y la asignación de prioridades de tratamiento. Las ADM que afectan la estética pueden constituir una barrera para la inserción social de los adolescentes. El Dental Aesthetic Index (IED), es un instrumento que permite jerarquizar la necesidad de tratamiento de las ADM. El propósito de esta investigación fue caracterizar las ADM, necesidad de tratamiento a través de IED y auto-percepción estética en escolares de 12 a 15 años. Estudio de Prevalencia en adolescentes de 12 a 15 años, de la ciudad de Viña del Mar. El criterio de exclusión fue tratamiento ortodóncico previo. Se seleccionaron 204 sujetos mediante asignación uniforme con un nivel de confianza de 95 %. Variables recogidas: Edad, tipo de establecimiento educacional, sexo, percepción estética y IED por componentes. La prevalencia según IED fue de 63 % [56 % - 70 %]. La necesidad de tratamiento fue 44,2 % electivo, 31,01 % altamente deseable y 24,81 % obligatorio y prioritario. El IED Comunitario dio 29.5. Se encontró una relación significativa entre IED y percepción estética con un p-valor: 0,006 (Rho: 0,343). La prevalencia de anomalías dentomaxilares medido a través del indicador IED alcanza el 63 % y el IED comunitario de 29,54 % afirmando que el grupo "requiere tratamiento electivo por ADM definida"; en los establecimientos particulares está subestimado pues algunos casos ya han sido tratados con anterioridad a esta investigación.

ABSTRACT: Dentomaxillary anomalies are a public health problem in Chile, resulting in the need for screening and prioritization of treatment. Dentomaxillary anomalies affecting the aesthetics can be a barrier to social integration of adolescents. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) is an instrument to prioritize the need for treatment of malocclusions. The purpose of this research was to characterize the malocclusions, orthodontic treatment needs and esthetic self-perception in schoolchildren from 12 to 15 years through DAI. Prevalence Study in 12 to 15 year-old adolescents from Viña del Mar. The exclusion criteria was previous orthodontic treatment. The sample was 204 subjects selected by uniform allocation with a confidence level of 95 %. Variables included age, type of educational establishment, sex, aesthetic perception and DAI by component. Prevalence of dentomaxillary anomalies by DAI was 63 % [56 % - 70 %], Treatment needs were 44.2 % treatment elective, 31.01 % highly desirable and 24.81 % mandatory. The Community's DAI was 29.5. The relationship between DAI and aesthetic perception was significant (p-value: 0.006; Rho: 0.343). The prevalence of dento-maxillary anomalies measured by DAI reaches 63 % and the communal DAI was 29.54 stating that the group "requires elective treatment for definite malocclusion"; in private schools, it is underestimated because some cases had already been treated prior to this investigation.

Dental anomalies in an orthodontic patient population with maxillary lateral incisor agenesis

ABSTRACT Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental anomalies in a subpopulation of orthodontic patients with agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors (MLI). Methods: The material of the present study included the records of the 1964 orthodontic patients. Panoramic radiographs and dental casts were used to analyze other associated eight dental anomalies, including agenesis of other teeth, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, peg shaped MLI, taurodontism, pulp stone, root dilaceration and maxillary canine impaction. Results: Out of the 1964 patients examined, 90 were found to have agenesis of MLI, representing a prevalence of 4.6%. The most commonly found associated-anomalies were agenesis of other teeth (23.3%), peg-shaped MLIs (15.6%), taurodontism (42.2%), and dilacerated teeth (18.9%). Conclusion: Permanent tooth agenesis, taurodontism, peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisor, and root dilacerations are frequently associated with maxillary lateral incisor agenesis.

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de anomalias dentárias em uma subpopulação de pacientes ortodônticos com agenesia de incisivos laterais superiores (ILS). Material e Métodos: o material do presente estudo incluiu os registros de 1964 pacientes ortodônticos. Radiografias panorâmicas e modelos de estudo foram usados para analisar outras anomalias dentárias associadas, incluindo a agenesia de outros dentes, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, ILS conoides, taurodontismo, calcificação pulpar, dilaceração radicular e impacção do canino superior. Resultados: dos 1964 pacientes examinados, constatou-se que 90 tinham agenesia do ILS, o que representa uma prevalência de 4,6%. As anomalias associadas mais comumente encontradas foram a agenesia de outros dentes (23,3%), ILS conoides (15,6%), taurodontismo (42,2%) e dentes com dilaceração (18,9%). Conclusão: a agenesia de dentes permanentes, o taurodontismo, incisivos laterais superiores conoides e dilaceração radicular estão frequentemente associados à agenesia de incisivos laterais superiores.

Risk of developing palatally displaced canines in patients with early detectable dental anomalies: a retrospective cohort study

ABSTRACT The early recognition of risk factors for the occurrence of palatally displaced canines (PDC) can increase the possibility of impaction prevention. Objective To estimate the risk of PDC occurrence in children with dental anomalies identified early during mixed dentition. Material and Methods The sample comprised 730 longitudinal orthodontic records from children (448 females and 282 males) with an initial mean age of 8.3 years (SD=1.36). The dental anomaly group (DA) included 263 records of patients with at least one dental anomaly identified in the initial or middle mixed dentition. The non-dental anomaly group (NDA) was composed of 467 records of patients with no dental anomalies. The occurrence of PDC in both groups was diagnosed using panoramic and periapical radiographs taken in the late mixed dentition or early permanent dentition. The prevalence of PDC in patients with and without early diagnosed dental anomalies was compared using the chi-square test (p<0.01), relative risk assessments (RR), and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV). Results PDC frequency was 16.35% and 6.2% in DA and NDA groups, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed between groups (p<0.01), with greater risk of PDC development in the DA group (RR=2.63). The PPV and NPV was 16% and 93%, respectively. Small maxillary lateral incisors, deciduous molar infraocclusion, and mandibular second premolar distoangulation were associated with PDC. Conclusion Children with dental anomalies diagnosed during early mixed dentition have an approximately two and a half fold increased risk of developing PDC during late mixed dentition compared with children without dental anomalies.

Surgical Management of Palatally Placed Impacted Mesiodens: A Case Report.

Mesiodens are relatively common and can cause a variety of complications. The clinician should recognize signs and problems suggesting the presence of supernumerary teeth or mesiodens, particularly aberrations in the eruptive pattern, and perform the relevant investigations. On diagnosis, each case should be managed appropriately in order to minimize complications to the developing dentition. Mesiodens is most commonly occurring supernumerary tooth located in anterior maxilla usually seen between upper two central incisors placed labially or palatally and may be erupted or impacted. The present paper describes the surgical management of palatally placed impacted mesiodens in 15-year-old female.

Peg Shaped Mandibular Lateral Incisor in a Hypodontia Patient: A Case Report.

Congenitally missing teeth are not rare. However, their association with other dental anomalies has always been a topic of interest in the profession. Occurrence of peg-shaped incisors in the mandibular arch is a rare finding. Strong association has been suggested between hypodontia and microdontia. Treatment approach has to be case specific and depends on the condition of primary predecessor, number of missing teeth, status of occlusion/occlusal condition and patient/parent’s preferences. This paper reports an unusual case of bilateral agenesis of permanent mandibular canines and unilateral agenesis of mandibular incisors, in association with a rare finding of peg-shaped mandibular lateral incisor in a 7-year-old Indian female.

Frecuencia de aparición del segundo conducto mesiovestibular en los primeros molares superiores permanentes / Frequency of appearance of the second mesiobuccal root canal in maxillary first permanent molars

El propósito de este estudio fue determinar clínicamente la frecuencia de aparición del segundo conducto radicular mesiovestibulardel primer molar superior y la frecuencia de desembocadura del conducto en uno o más forámenes apicales. Métodos: Se realizó el tratamiento de conducto en 55 pacientes con derivación a endodoncia del primer molar superior permanente, realizado por el mismo operador y utilizando magnificación con microscopio clínico. Se consideró la presencia de uno o más conductos radiculares en la raíz mesiovestibular luego de la instrumentación de los conductos y se determinó el número de forámenes apicales al introducir las limas depermeabilidad apical, simultáneamente, a una longitud mayor a la longitud de trabajo. Se utilizó el método score de Wilson para calcular intervalos de confianza 95 por ciento de porcentajes (IC95). Resultados: Se registró que de los 55 pacientes tratados, la raíz mesiovestibular presentaba, en el 21,82 por ciento [IC95=(12,95 por ciento; 34,37 por ciento)], un solo conducto desembocando en un solo foramen apical, el 30,91 por ciento [IC95=(20,28 por ciento; 44,03 por ciento)] presentaron dos conductos radiculares con un solo foramen apical y el 47,27 por ciento [IC95=(34,69 por ciento;60,21 por ciento)] presentaron dos conductos radiculares con un foramen apical independiente cada conducto. Conclusión: La presencia de un segundo conducto mesiovestibular como así la frecuencia de desembocadura en un foramen apical independiente presentan una alta frecuencia de aparición, por lo tanto, durante la terapia endodontica debe realizarse una exploración minuciosa del piso cameral, en buscade localizar y tratar este conducto, aumentando de esta manera las probabilidades de éxito del tratamiento a largo plazo...

Multiple Talon Cusps: A Rare Case Report.

Talon cusp is a very rare developmental anomaly, arising as a cusp like elevation on the lingual aspect of maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth, usually projects from the cemento-enamel junction or cingulum. It can involve single tooth, either primary or permanent dentition, usually unilateral in occurrence and seen bilaterally in 1/5th of the cases. It can result in a host of clinical problems like occlusal interference, irritation of the tongue, pulpal necrosis, caries, TMJ disorders and periodontal problems. The prevalence of multiple, bilateral talon cusp occurrence is rare, we report a case of Multiple Talon cusps involving all maxillary anterior teeth.

Agenesia de terceros molares, prevalencia, distribución y asociación con otras anomalías dentales / Third molar agenesis, prevalence, distribution and association with other dental anomalies

La agenesia de terceros molares se ha reportado en un 24,3 por ciento en México. La agenesia dental está asociada a otras anomalías dentales debido a su origen genético. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y distribución de agenesia de terceros molares así como establecer su asociación con otras anomalías dentales en una población ortodóntica. La muestra incluyó 670 pacientes ortodónticos de 9 a 20 años de edad. Se excluyeron pacientes con tratamiento ortodóntico previo y condiciones sindrómicas. Se calculó la prevalencia de agenesia de terceros molares y se comparó por sexo. Posteriormente los pacientes fueron divididos en 2 grupos, con agenesia de al menos un tercer molar y un grupo control y en ambos se calculó la prevalencia de 10 anomalías dentarias. Los resultados se compararon por medio de la prueba exacta de Fisher (p<0,05). La prevalencia fue del 25,97 por ciento, no hubo diferencia estadística entre géneros (p=0,139). El 41,95 por ciento de los pacientes del grupo de agenesia presentó anomalías asociadas, mientras que en el control fueron el 23,59 por ciento. Se encontró una diferencia significativa entre ambos grupos (p=0,0001). Al comparar individualmente la prevalencia de cada anomalía por grupo, se encontró que la agenesia (p=0,0001) y los dientes retenidos (p=0,015) estaban disminuidos significativamente en el grupo control. En conclusión se encontró una prevalencia del 25,97 por ciento, sin preferencia de sexo. Los pacientes con agenesia de terceros molares presentan mayor prevalencia de anomalías dentales asociadas, particularmente agenesia de otros dientes y dientes retenidos.

Prevalence of third molar agenesis has been estimated in 24.3 percent in Mexico. Dental agenesis is associated with other dental anomalies due its genetic origin. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of third molar agenesis and to establish its association with other dental anomalies in an orthodontic population. The sample included 670 orthodontic patients from 9 to 20 years old. Exclusion criteria were patients with previous orthodontic treatment and syndromic conditions. Third molar agenesis prevalence was calculated and sex values were compared. Then, patients were divided into 2 groups, with agenesis of at least one third molar and a control group; prevalence of 10 dental anomalies were calculated for both groups. The results were compared using Fisher's exact test (p <0.05). Third molar agenesis prevalence was 25.97 percent, there was no statistical difference between sexes (p= 0.139). The 41.95 percent of patients in the agenesis group had abnormalities associated, whereas in the control group it was 23.59 percent. A significant difference between groups was found (p= 0.0001). When comparing the prevalence of each individual anomaly between groups, it was found that agenesis (p= 0.0001) and impacted teeth (p= 0.015) were significantly decreased in the control group. In conclusion it was found a prevalence of 25.97 percent, with no sex preference. Patients with agenesis of third molars have a higher prevalence of associated dental anomalies, particularly agenesis of other teeth and impacted teeth.

Oral health status in 12 to 17-year-old school children from Valle Nonguén, Concepción, 2013 / Estado de salud bucal en escolares de 12 a 17 años de Valle Nonguén, Concepción, 2013

Dental caries, periodontal disease and dento-maxillary anomalies are the most common oral problems both globally and nationally. The aim of this study is to determine the oral health status in terms of caries damage, oral hygiene and dento-maxillary anomalies, and their relationship with socio-demographic factors in school children from Valle Nonguén sector, whose ages fluctuate from 12 to 17 years old. This is a study of prevalence which was conducted on a sample of 210 school children, the following indexes were utilized: DMFT, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), sex, age and type of educational establishment (public/subsidized). The results showed that 94.76 percent of the students have caries damage with a DMFT average of 6.87+/-3.42, higher in women and adolescents aged 16-17; 73.57 percent of them have a regular hygiene, with OHI-S higher in 14-15-year-old adolescents and public schools, and a 75.2 percent has at least one manifest malocclusion (19.05 percent in a disabling level). These results show that the 12-17-year-old students from Valle Nonguén have a high rate of oral disease in all indexes, higher than national and international studies. A priority is to design and implement preventive/healing dental programs in this group. These results question the design and possible impact of the new program "FONASA Libre Elección 12-17 años" in neighborhoods with limited resources and high treatment needs.

La caries dental, la enfermedad periodontal y las anomalías dento-maxilares son los problemas bucales más frecuentes tanto a nivel mundial como nacional. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el estado de salud bucal en cuanto a historia de caries, higiene oral y anomalías dento-maxilares, y su relación con características socio-demográficas en escolares de 12 a 17 años del sector Valle Nonguén. Estudio de prevalencia sobre una muestra de 210 escolares, se utilizaron los siguientes indicadores: COPD, índice de higiene oral simplificado(IHO-S), índice de estética dental (IED), sexo, edad y tipo de colegio (municipal/subvencionado). Los resultados mostraron que: 94,76 por ciento de los escolares presenta historia de caries con COPD promedio de 6,87+/-3,42, mayor en mujeres y adolescentes de 16-17 años; 73,57 por ciento tiene una higiene regular, con un IHO-S mayor en 14-15 años y adolescentes de colegios municipales; y el 75,2 por ciento presenta al menos una maloclusión manifiesta (19,05 por ciento de carácter discapacitante).Estos resultados muestran que los escolares de 12 a 17 años del sector Valle Nonguén presentan un alto índice de morbilidad bucal en todos los indicadores, superiores a estudios nacionales e internacionales. Es prioritario diseñar e implementar programas odontológicos preventivo curativos en este grupo. Estos resultados cuestionan el diseño y posible impacto del nuevo Programa "FONASA Libre Elección 12-17 años" en poblaciones de recursos limitados y con altas necesidades de tratamiento.